Course content

• Relevant Kinematics and Biomechanics of the Spine
  • Kinematics and biomechanics of normal and deformed spine.
  • Important radiological parameters influencing sagittal and coronal balance.
• Spinal Deformities: Aetiology and Classifications
  • Structural and functional spinal deformities.
  • Adolescent idiopathic, de-novo scoliosis, and other common spinal deformities classifications and natural history.
• Comprehensive Assessment of Spinal Deformities
  • Subjective and physical examination of various deformities.
  • Screening for red flags and determining surgical referral.
• Associated Upper and Lower Quadrant Dysfunctions
  • Identifying and managing scoliosis-related issues in the extremities.
• Manual Therapy and Positioning Strategies
  • Hands-on techniques for spinal deformity management.
  • Positional strategies and stabilization approaches.
• Neuromuscular Control Training and Active Correction
  • Principles of motor control and corrective exercises.
  • Restoring functional spinal mechanics and stability.
• Bracing for Spinal Deformities
  • Brace characteristics and selection criteria.
  • Prescription, wear, weaning, and in-brace exercises.
• Self-Management and Lifestyle Modifications
  • Patient education, empowerment and mental health.
  • Sports participation and activity modifications.

Learning  Objectives

• Describe the relevant kinematics and biomechanics of the spine and their impact on spinal deformities.
• Differentiation between structural and functional spinal deformities in adult and adolescent populations, and classification based on established frameworks.
• Conduct comprehensive assessments of various spinal deformities, including cervical kyphosis, spondylolisthesis (cervical and lumbar), thoracic hypo/hyperkyphosis, and scoliosis.
• Identify relevant red flags for surgical referral.
• Explain the impact of spinal deformities on the function of the upper and lower extremities.
• Develop and implement evidence-based manual therapy and positioning strategies for managing spinal deformities.
• Design neuromuscular control training and active corrective exercises to address spinal deformities.
• Demonstrate the ability to appropriately prescribe spinal bracing, including considerations for brace characteristics, wear, weaning, and in-brace exercises.
• Educate patients on self-management techniques and lifestyle modifications to support long-term spinal health and sports participation.

• Foundational knowledge of human surface anatomy.
• Undergraduate students must finish orthopaedic (musculoskeletal) round before attending the course.
• Must be a physiotherapist or occupational therapist.

• Active participation in practical sessions and case discussions.
• Successful completion of online module and quizzes.
• Demonstrated ability to apply clinical reasoning and decision-making via practical exam based on case study.

This course provides a comprehensive and evidence-informed approach to the integrated management of spinal deformities. Participants will gain the knowledge and skills to:

• Accurately assess and classify various spinal deformities
• Develop advanced clinical reasoning and decision-making skills for holistic patient care in a niche area of musculoskeletal practice
• Design personalized treatment plans using a range of manual therapy, neuromuscular training, and bracing strategies
• Recognize and address associated upper and lower quadrant dysfunctions
• Empower patients through self-management and lifestyle modifications
• Collaborate effectively within an interdisciplinary healthcare team

• Brush up on surface anatomy.

• Identify spinal deformity classifications and scoliosis curve patterns relevant to physiotherapy management.
• Explain the pathophysiology of common spinal deformities, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and spondylolisthesis, including their etiology, risk factors, and natural history.
• Differentiating between structural and functional spinal deformities and understanding the implications for assessment and management.
• Outline the radiographic and its limitations, and clinical assessment techniques used to evaluate the presence, severity, and progression of spinal deformities.
• Structure conservative management strategies for spinal deformities, using manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and orthotic devices.
• Recognize red flags and indications for surgical referral in the management of spinal deformities.

• Demonstrate the ability to conduct comprehensive assessments of patients with spinal deformities, integrating findings from postural, functional, and radiographic evaluations.
• Apply critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills to develop patient-centered treatment plans that address the specific needs and goals of individuals with spinal deformities.
• Design and implement effective therapeutic exercise programs to improve neuromuscular control, spinal stability, and functional outcomes for patients.
• Effectively communicate with patients and other healthcare providers, including making appropriate referrals and collaborating on interdisciplinary care.
• Demonstrate proficiency in prescribing braces and patient education for spinal deformities in adult and adolescent populations.
• Continuously evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and modify the treatment approach based on patient progress and evolving evidence-based practices.

• Develop a patient-centered approach to the management of spinal deformities, prioritizing the individual’s goals, preferences, and quality of life.
• Foster a commitment to evidence-based practice, incorporating the latest research and guidelines into their clinical decision-making.
• Cultivate an appreciation for the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the comprehensive care of patients with spinal deformities.
• Embrace the role of healthcare professionals in empowering patients to actively participate in the management of their spinal condition through education and self-management strategies.
• Demonstrate a dedication to ongoing professional development and lifelong learning to stay current with the evolving field of spinal deformity assessment and management.